Distribution of the SSCmec Types among Staphylococcus Aureus that Methicillin Resistant (MRSA) Isolates in Iraq

Dania Ali Azeiz  Al-Saadi

doi:10.17605/cajmns.v6i4.2851

Dania Ali Azeiz Al-Saadi University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v6i4.2851

Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Nosocomial Infections, SCCmec Typing, Phenotypic and Molecular Detection, Antibiotic Resistance in Iraq

Abstract

One of the primary causes of nosocomial infections is "Staphylococcus aureus", particularly "methicillin-resistant" strains. This drug resistance has become an international public health concern. Due to the lack of studies, especially on the presence of genotypes in MRSA species in the Diwaniyah city in Iraq. The objective of the present investigation was to determine extent of the distribution and diversity of these patterns s.aureus bacteria that had been eliminated from various medical and environmental resources within specific hospitals and health centers in the governorate, using phenotypic and molecular methods. Total of 565 samples were collected for this purpose, including 330 clinical samples (Urine 200 samples, Sputum 70 samples, and Burns 60 samples), 235 environmental samples for the period from September to November 2020. Based on the results of culture results , traditional biochemical and microscopic examinations, the virulence of 80 S. aureus isolates was determined, while methicillin-resistant MRSA isolates were phenotypically diagnosed using the disc diffusion method of cefoxetine and molecularly based on the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) and monoplex PCR technique , 72 (90%) isolates have been identified as MRSA, and by comparing the molecular and phenotypic methods, it was found that the cefoxitin disc diffusion test is highly accurate and effective in detecting MRSA strains. Staphylococcal chromosome cassette methicillin-resistance (SCCmec) for four main types (I, II, III, and V) and four subtypes (IVa, IVb, IVc, and IVd) was also carried out using (Multiplex PCR). The results showed that 7 isolates (9.72%) contain the SCCmec V subtype, 7 (9.72%) contain the SCCmec IVa subtype, 6 (8.33%) contain the SCCmec IVb subtype, and 5 isolates (6.94%) contained the subtype SCCmec IVc, while 48 isolates were not identified.

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