Vitamin D Deficiency for Patients with Depression (case control study)
Keywords:
Vitamin D, depression.
Abstract
Background: Depression is considered to be a leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Changes in sleep are a common problem for patients with depression; in fact, in many cases, it is the chief complaint.
Aim of the Study: The objective of this study is to assess the vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for depression
Patients and method: A case control study conducted in Diwanyia teaching hospital from 1st February to 1st May 2023. the study enrolled depression patients as cases and healthy person visiting hospital for any causes or relative to patients.
Results: one hundred sixty participants enrolled in this study with mean age 33.9±8.2 years. Mean age for healthy control was 34.2±13.7 years and for cases was a 33.1±15.6 year. Vitamin D deficiency was seen 71.8% of total sample and insufficiency in 20%. There was significant difference between cases and controls with p=0.01 regarding vitamin D level, cases group reveal more prevalent vitamin D deficiency than control 72.5% and 51.3% respectively.
Conclusion: The present study provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that low vitamin D serum concentration is associated with depression, and highlights the need for further research to find out whether this association is causal.
References
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World Health Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders. Global Health Estimates [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ handle/10665/254610/WHO MSD MER 2017.2 eng. pdf?sequence=1. [Last cited on 2019 Feb 22].
Johnston KM, Powell LC, Anderson IM, Szabo S, Cline S. The burden of treatment resistant depression: A systematic review of the economic and quality of life literature. J Affect Disord 2019;242:195-210.
Zhou Q, Shao Y, Gan Z, Fang L. Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression in patients with gout [Internet]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019;15:227-31. {d2}
Godos J, Currenti W, Angelino D, Mena P, Castellano S, Caraci F, Galvano F, Del Rio D, Ferri R, Grosso G. Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Apr 23;9(4):346.
Hantoosh, H. A., Mahdi, M. H., Imran, B. W. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iraqi female at reproductive age. Medical Journal of Babylon, 2019: vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 119–122 {18}
P. Abedi, M. Bovayri, A. Fakhri, and S. Jahanfar. The relationship between Vitamin D and postpartum depression in reproductive-aged Iranian women. Journal of Medicine and Life, 2018:vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 286-292.
Vidgren M, Virtanen JK, Tolmunen T. Serum concentrations of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and depression in a general middle-aged to elderly population in Finland. J Nutr Health Aging:2018: 22(1):159–164.
G. Sağlam, G. Pektaş, S. Karakullukçu, A. Pektaş, and D. S. Aykut. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance in pregnant women. Journal of Academic Research in Medicine, 2021:vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 51-55.
M. Fallah, G. Askari, and Z. Asemi. Is Vitamin D status associated with depression, anxiety and sleep quality in pregnancy: A systematic review. Advanced Biomedical Research, 2020:vol. 9, p. 32.
Jhee JH, Kim H, Park S. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with depression in patients with chronic kidney disease. PLoS ONE:2017: 12(2):e0171009
khan, B., Shafiq, H., Abbas, S. et al. Vitamin D status and its correlation to depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 21, 32 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-022-00406-1.
De Oliveira C, Hirani V, Biddulph JP (2017) Associations between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in later life: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci:2017: 73(10):1377–1382.
A. Ribamar, B. Almeida, A. Soares, B. Peniche, P. C. Jesus, S. Cruz, and A. Ramalho. Relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and both gestational and postpartum depression. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2020: vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1238-1245.
D. Lin, J. Zhang, Y. Bian, M. Pan, and X. Liu. Association between circulating concentrations of Vitamin D and risk of antenatal, postnatal depression: A meta-analysis. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry,2021: vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 186-190.
J. Wang, N. Liu, W. Sun, D. Chen, J. Zhao, and W. Zhang. Association between Vitamin D deficiency and antepartum and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 298, no. 6, pp. 1045-1059, 2018.{16}
Moy FM, Hoe VC, Hairi NN. Vitamin D deficiency and depression among women from an urban community in a tropical country. Public health nutr :2017;20(10):1844–1850
Ikonena H, Palaniswamy S, Nordstrom T. Vitamin D status and correlates of low vitamin D in schizophrenia, other psychoses and nonpsychotic depression–The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279: 186-194.
F. Aghajafari, N. Letourneau, N. Mahinpey, N. Cosic, and G. Giesbrecht. Vitamin D deficiency and antenatal and postpartum depression: A systematic review. Nutrients, 2018:vol. 10, no. 4, p. 478.
Thomas J, Al-Anouti F (2018) Sun exposure and behavioral activation for hypovitaminosis d and depression: a controlled pilot study. Community Ment Health J 54:860–865. {26}
Sulaiman AH, Abukanna AM, Alenezy AA, Balla AA. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among university female students in Northern Border Region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Ann Med Health Sci Res 2017.
Kaddam IM, Al-Shaikh AM, Abaalkhail BA, Asseri KS, Al-Saleh YM, Al-Qarni AA, Al-Shuaibi AM, Tamimi WG, Mukhtar AM. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in three regions of Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. Saudi Med J 2017; 38: 381. {19}
Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg Allardt C, Bischoff Ferrari HA, Obermayer Pietsch B: Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: A position statement of the European calcified tissue society. Eur J Endocrinol 180: P23 P54, 2019.
Al Daghri NM: Vitamin D in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, distribution and disease associations. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 175:102 107, 2018.
Ning Z, Song S, Miao L, Zhang P, Wang X, Liu J, Hu Y, Xu Y, Zhao T, Liang Y, et al: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban health checkup population. Clin Nutr 35: 859 863, 2016.
Al Dabhani K, Tsilidis KK, Murphy N, Ward HA, Elliott P, Riboli E, Gunter M and Tzoulaki I: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with metabolic syndrome in a Qatari population. Nutr Diabetes 7: e263, 2017.
Zhang FF, Al Hooti S, Al Zenki S, Alomirah H, Jamil KM, Rao A, Al Jahmah N, Saltzman E and Ausman LM: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high prevalence of diabetes in Kuwaiti adults: Results from a national survey. BMC Public Health 16: 100, 2016
Temmemi gazwa. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency of Females in Karbala, Iraq, 2017. Karb J Med [Internet]. 2020 Jun. 18 [cited 2023 Jun. 24];13(1):2319-25.
Jaff P.; Rasheed B.; Faraj K.; and Rachid S.; Vitamin D Status Among Women Living in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region and HPLC-MS Analysis forMeasuringVitamin D in Organic and Non-organic Eggs, Kirkuk University Jour-nal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS); 2017; 12: 1992 – 0849.
Kamalzadeh L, Saghafi M, Mortazavi SS, Jolfaei AG. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study. BMC psychiatry. 2021 Dec;21:1-6.{25}
Anglin RE, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;202:100-7.{13}
Okasha TA, Sabry WM, Hashim MA, Abdeen MS, Abdelhamid AM. Vitamin D serum level in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Middle East current psychiatry. 2020 Dec;27(1):1-8.{26}
Abass T. Al Joudi, Mohammed Raad Khalaf. Vitamin D Deficiency, its Relation to Bone, Back Pain, Tiredness and Mood Improving in Adult Sample Collected from Baghdad City. Al-Esraa university college journal for medical sciences:2022, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 63-78. {21}
Janan A. Alrefaee, Ban K. Rushdi, and Ghada K. Adeeb (2021) “The Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Level and Psychosomatic Symptoms in Females in Mosul City,” Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 16, Issue no. 2, pages 233–244.{18}
Kouider DA, Hassan NA, Al-Worafi YM. A study investigating the association between vitamin D and depression among university students in 39 countries. Biomedical Research. 2019;30(4):655-9.{19}
Milaneschi Y, Hoogendijk W, Lips P, Heijboer AC,Schoevers R, Van Hemert AM, Beekman AT, Smit JH, Penninx BW. The association between low vitamin D and depressive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19: 444. 27{19}
Libuda L, Timmesfeld N, Antel J, Hirtz R, Bauer J, Führer D. Effect of vitamin D deficiency on depressive symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatric patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2020 Dec;59(8):3415-3424.
Lerner PP, Sharony L, Miodownik C. Association between mental disorders,cognitive disturbances and vitamin D serum level: current state. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2018;23:89–102. 21{25}
World Health Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders. Global Health Estimates [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ handle/10665/254610/WHO MSD MER 2017.2 eng. pdf?sequence=1. [Last cited on 2019 Feb 22].
Johnston KM, Powell LC, Anderson IM, Szabo S, Cline S. The burden of treatment resistant depression: A systematic review of the economic and quality of life literature. J Affect Disord 2019;242:195-210.
Zhou Q, Shao Y, Gan Z, Fang L. Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression in patients with gout [Internet]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019;15:227-31. {d2}
Godos J, Currenti W, Angelino D, Mena P, Castellano S, Caraci F, Galvano F, Del Rio D, Ferri R, Grosso G. Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Apr 23;9(4):346.
Hantoosh, H. A., Mahdi, M. H., Imran, B. W. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iraqi female at reproductive age. Medical Journal of Babylon, 2019: vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 119–122 {18}
P. Abedi, M. Bovayri, A. Fakhri, and S. Jahanfar. The relationship between Vitamin D and postpartum depression in reproductive-aged Iranian women. Journal of Medicine and Life, 2018:vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 286-292.
Vidgren M, Virtanen JK, Tolmunen T. Serum concentrations of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and depression in a general middle-aged to elderly population in Finland. J Nutr Health Aging:2018: 22(1):159–164.
G. Sağlam, G. Pektaş, S. Karakullukçu, A. Pektaş, and D. S. Aykut. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance in pregnant women. Journal of Academic Research in Medicine, 2021:vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 51-55.
M. Fallah, G. Askari, and Z. Asemi. Is Vitamin D status associated with depression, anxiety and sleep quality in pregnancy: A systematic review. Advanced Biomedical Research, 2020:vol. 9, p. 32.
Jhee JH, Kim H, Park S. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with depression in patients with chronic kidney disease. PLoS ONE:2017: 12(2):e0171009
khan, B., Shafiq, H., Abbas, S. et al. Vitamin D status and its correlation to depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 21, 32 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-022-00406-1.
De Oliveira C, Hirani V, Biddulph JP (2017) Associations between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in later life: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci:2017: 73(10):1377–1382.
A. Ribamar, B. Almeida, A. Soares, B. Peniche, P. C. Jesus, S. Cruz, and A. Ramalho. Relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and both gestational and postpartum depression. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2020: vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1238-1245.
D. Lin, J. Zhang, Y. Bian, M. Pan, and X. Liu. Association between circulating concentrations of Vitamin D and risk of antenatal, postnatal depression: A meta-analysis. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry,2021: vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 186-190.
J. Wang, N. Liu, W. Sun, D. Chen, J. Zhao, and W. Zhang. Association between Vitamin D deficiency and antepartum and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol. 298, no. 6, pp. 1045-1059, 2018.{16}
Moy FM, Hoe VC, Hairi NN. Vitamin D deficiency and depression among women from an urban community in a tropical country. Public health nutr :2017;20(10):1844–1850
Ikonena H, Palaniswamy S, Nordstrom T. Vitamin D status and correlates of low vitamin D in schizophrenia, other psychoses and nonpsychotic depression–The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279: 186-194.
F. Aghajafari, N. Letourneau, N. Mahinpey, N. Cosic, and G. Giesbrecht. Vitamin D deficiency and antenatal and postpartum depression: A systematic review. Nutrients, 2018:vol. 10, no. 4, p. 478.
Thomas J, Al-Anouti F (2018) Sun exposure and behavioral activation for hypovitaminosis d and depression: a controlled pilot study. Community Ment Health J 54:860–865. {26}
Sulaiman AH, Abukanna AM, Alenezy AA, Balla AA. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among university female students in Northern Border Region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Ann Med Health Sci Res 2017.
Kaddam IM, Al-Shaikh AM, Abaalkhail BA, Asseri KS, Al-Saleh YM, Al-Qarni AA, Al-Shuaibi AM, Tamimi WG, Mukhtar AM. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in three regions of Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. Saudi Med J 2017; 38: 381. {19}
Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg Allardt C, Bischoff Ferrari HA, Obermayer Pietsch B: Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: A position statement of the European calcified tissue society. Eur J Endocrinol 180: P23 P54, 2019.
Al Daghri NM: Vitamin D in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, distribution and disease associations. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 175:102 107, 2018.
Ning Z, Song S, Miao L, Zhang P, Wang X, Liu J, Hu Y, Xu Y, Zhao T, Liang Y, et al: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban health checkup population. Clin Nutr 35: 859 863, 2016.
Al Dabhani K, Tsilidis KK, Murphy N, Ward HA, Elliott P, Riboli E, Gunter M and Tzoulaki I: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with metabolic syndrome in a Qatari population. Nutr Diabetes 7: e263, 2017.
Zhang FF, Al Hooti S, Al Zenki S, Alomirah H, Jamil KM, Rao A, Al Jahmah N, Saltzman E and Ausman LM: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high prevalence of diabetes in Kuwaiti adults: Results from a national survey. BMC Public Health 16: 100, 2016
Temmemi gazwa. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency of Females in Karbala, Iraq, 2017. Karb J Med [Internet]. 2020 Jun. 18 [cited 2023 Jun. 24];13(1):2319-25.
Jaff P.; Rasheed B.; Faraj K.; and Rachid S.; Vitamin D Status Among Women Living in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region and HPLC-MS Analysis forMeasuringVitamin D in Organic and Non-organic Eggs, Kirkuk University Jour-nal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS); 2017; 12: 1992 – 0849.
Kamalzadeh L, Saghafi M, Mortazavi SS, Jolfaei AG. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study. BMC psychiatry. 2021 Dec;21:1-6.{25}
Anglin RE, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;202:100-7.{13}
Okasha TA, Sabry WM, Hashim MA, Abdeen MS, Abdelhamid AM. Vitamin D serum level in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Middle East current psychiatry. 2020 Dec;27(1):1-8.{26}
Abass T. Al Joudi, Mohammed Raad Khalaf. Vitamin D Deficiency, its Relation to Bone, Back Pain, Tiredness and Mood Improving in Adult Sample Collected from Baghdad City. Al-Esraa university college journal for medical sciences:2022, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 63-78. {21}
Janan A. Alrefaee, Ban K. Rushdi, and Ghada K. Adeeb (2021) “The Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Level and Psychosomatic Symptoms in Females in Mosul City,” Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 16, Issue no. 2, pages 233–244.{18}
Kouider DA, Hassan NA, Al-Worafi YM. A study investigating the association between vitamin D and depression among university students in 39 countries. Biomedical Research. 2019;30(4):655-9.{19}
Milaneschi Y, Hoogendijk W, Lips P, Heijboer AC,Schoevers R, Van Hemert AM, Beekman AT, Smit JH, Penninx BW. The association between low vitamin D and depressive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19: 444. 27{19}
Libuda L, Timmesfeld N, Antel J, Hirtz R, Bauer J, Führer D. Effect of vitamin D deficiency on depressive symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatric patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2020 Dec;59(8):3415-3424.
Lerner PP, Sharony L, Miodownik C. Association between mental disorders,cognitive disturbances and vitamin D serum level: current state. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2018;23:89–102. 21{25}
Published
2023-12-22
How to Cite
Ahmed Kadhim Challab, Dr. Besma Mohammed Ali, & Hayder Noori Abbood Alnomani. (2023). Vitamin D Deficiency for Patients with Depression (case control study) . Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(6), 1178-1192. Retrieved from https://www.cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/2208
Section
Articles
