The Relationship of Contraceptive Pills and Breast Cancer as a Histopathological Study in Al-Muthanna Governorate – Iraq

Abstract

Cancer is a highly lethal illness that impacts communities globally, and among women worldwide, breast cancer ranks as the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer. In Iraq, breast cancer stands as the second leading cause of mortality, following closely behind cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this current study was to investigate the histological and morphological alterations occurring in the breast tissue of individuals diagnosed with breast cancer. In this study, a total of (60 clinical samples) were included, encompassing both older and younger women diagnosed with breast cancer, who were patients at Al-Sadiq Hospital and daily clinics in Al-Muthanaa province. The research was conducted over the period from November 2022 to May 2023. The sampling phase spanned from November 2022 to May 2023. Total of sixty samples were gathered and categorized into three distinct groups: a breast cancer patients' group 30-39 years old, a patients at 40-49' group ,and a third group  50-60 years old. The age range for both the patient and healthy groups spanned from (30 to 60 )years. In the findings of our study, we observed a slight increase in the risk of breast cancer in women who use contraceptives compared to those who abstain from using them, we detected notable histological and morphological alterations in the breast tissue when contrasted with healthy breast tissue. These changes encompassed abnormal cell growth, enlargement of breast structures, the presence of anomalous cell clusters, congested blood vessels, elongated regions with sporadic bleeding, necrotic lesions, and various other conspicuous modifications, all indicative of the existence of breast cancer. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis indicated a notable disparity in cell proliferation between the group of healthy subjects and the group of infected individuals.