Evaluation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Lipid Profile in Iraqi Pregnancy Women with Hypertension in Thi-Qar Governorate
Keywords:
Lipid profile, pregnancy, MDA, hypertension
Abstract
Objectives: Pregnant women with hypertension were studied to determine if their lipid profiles changed. It is well known that altered lipid profiles are associated with essential hypertension. This is because oxidative stress and weakened antioxidant defense can lead to free radical-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and potentially damage the vascular endothelium.
Methods: For this research, we had one hundred expecting mothers split into two groups—one of 50 mums-to-be dealing with hypertension and the other serving as a control set. All of our participants spent 8 to 10 hours fasting prior to us collecting a blood sample from them. We then took note of their triglyceride levels, cholesterol readings, HDL, LDL, and the amount of MDA in their system.
Results: Some telling differences arose when comparing a control group to the patient group. The patient cohort had higher TCH, TG, and VLDL than their counterparts. That said, LDL levels were the same for both groups. At the same time, HDL levels were lower in the patient set. whereas, MDA levels remained indistinguishable between the two groups.
Conclusion: It's been expected that mamas with hypertension are more likely to see their lipid peroxidation levels rise and be confronted with cardiovascular disease later in life. The evidence? High TC, LDL, TG, VLDL, and MDA concentrations are present in the bloodstream.
References
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24. Paradisi, G., Ianniello, F., Tomei, C., Bracaglia, M., Carducci, B., Gualano, M. R., ... & Caruso, A. (2010). Longitudinal changes of adiponectin, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes. Gynecological Endocrinology, 26(7), 539-545.
25. Wild, R., Weedin, E. A., & Wilson, D. (2015). Dyslipidemia in pregnancy. Cardiology clinics, 33(2), 209-215.
26. Thathagari, V., & Veerendra, K. C. (2018). Evaluation of serum lipids in preeclampsia: a comparative study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 7(4), 1372-1376.
27. Gohil, J. T., Patel, P. K., & Gupta, P. (2011). Estimation of lipid profile in subjects of preeclampsia. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 61, 399-403.
28. Mummadi, M. K., & Bairoju, N. K. (2019). A study of serum lipid profile in normal pregnancy and pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders: a case-control study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8(5), 2072.
29. Aziz, R., & Mahboob, T. (2007). Pre-eclampsia and lipid profile. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 23(5), 751.
30. Punthumapol, C., & Kittichotpanich, B. (2008). Comparative study of serum lipid concentrations in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai, 91(7), 957-61.
31. Islam, N. A. F., Chowdhury, M. A. R., Kibria, G. M., & Akhter, S. (2010). Study of serum lipid profile in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Faridpur Medical College Journal, 5(2), 56-59.
32. Latha, P., Ganesan, S. (2013). Evaluation of serum uric acid and lipid profile in gestational hypertension. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 4:496‐502.
33. Rizal, S., Joshi, B. R., Dhakal, A., & Sagtani, R. A. (2019). Association of serum uric acid and serum lipid profile in pre-eclampsia-A hospital based case-control study. Birat Journal of Health Sciences, 4(3), 831-834.
34. Singh DU. (2013). Serum lipid profile in early pregnancy as a predictor of preeclampsia. Int J Med Res Rev.1(2):56‐62.
35. Jairam, V., Uchida, K., & Narayanaswami, V. (2012). Pathophysiology of lipoprotein oxidation. Lipoproteins: role in health and diseases, 383.
36. Harvey RA, Ferrier DR.( 2011). Globular Proteins. Biochemistry. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, a Walters Kluwer business Co. 33‐34.
37. Rathore, V., Priyadarshini, T. D., & Rathore, M. S. (2016). A cross sectional study to assess serum lipid profile among pregnant women suffering with pregnancy induced hypertension. Sch. J. App. Med. Sci, 4(6D), 2095-2101.
38. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. (2018). Introduction to lipids and lipoproteins. Endotext [Internet]. MDText. Com, Inc.
39. Lingappa, V. R. (2000). Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract. In Pathophysiology of disease. An introduction to clinical medicine (McPhee, S. J., Lingappa, V. R., Ganong, W. F., and Lange, J. D. Eds., 3rd ed.), pp. 529-555. New York, McGraw-Hill Press
40. Zhou, J. F., Chen, P., Zhou, Y. H., Zhang, L., & Chen, H. H. (2003). 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse may cause oxidative stress and potential free radical damage. Free Radical Research, 37(5), 491-497.
41. Zhou, J. F., Cai, D., & Tong, G. Z. (2003). Oxidative stress and potential free radical damage associated with photocopying. A role for ozone?. Free radical research, 37(2), 137-143.
42. Zhou, J. F., Yan, X. F., Guo, F. Z., Sun, N. Y., Qian, Z. J., & Ding, D. Y. (2000). Effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on plasma constituents and enzyme activities related to oxidative stress. Biomedical and environmental sciences: BES, 13(1), 44-55.
43. Zhou, J. F., Zhou, W., Zhang, S. M., Luo, Y. E., & Chen, H. H. (2004). Oxidative stress and free radical damage in patients with acute dipterex poisoning. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES., 17(2), 223-233.
44. Harrison-Bernard, L. M., Schulman, I. H., & Raij, L. (2003). Postovariectomy hypertension is linked to increased renal AT1 receptor and salt sensitivity. Hypertension, 42(6), 1157-1163.
45. Davis, J. R., Giardina, J. B., Green, G. M., Alexander, B. T., Granger, J. P., & Khalil, R. A. (2002). Reduced endothelial NO-cGMP vascular relaxation pathway during TNF-α-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 282(2), R390-R399.
46. Giardina, J. B., Green, G. M., Cockrell, K. L., Granger, J. P., & Khalil, R. A. (2002). TNF-α enhances contraction and inhibits endothelial NO-cGMP relaxation in systemic vessels of pregnant rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 283(1), R130-R143.
47. Murphy, J. G., Fleming, J. B., Cockrell, K. L., Granger, J. P., & Khalil, R. A. (2001). [Ca2+] i signaling in renal arterial smooth muscle cells of pregnant rat is enhanced during inhibition of NOS. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 280(1), R87-R99.
48. Alexander, B. T., Kassab, S. E., Miller, M. T., Abram, S. R., Reckelhoff, J. F., Bennett, W. A., & Granger, J. P. (2001). Reduced uterine perfusion pressure during pregnancy in the rat is associated with increases in arterial pressure and changes in renal nitric oxide. Hypertension, 37(4), 1191-1195.
49. Chen, H. H., & Zhou, J. F. (2001). Low cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes and high lipoperoxides in erythrocytes are the potential risk factors for cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in human. Biomedical and environmental sciences: BES, 14(3), 189-198.
50. Zhou, J. F., Wang, J. Y., Luo, Y. E., & Chen, H. H. (2003). Influence of hypertension, lipometabolism disorders, obesity and other lifestyles on spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences: BES, 16(3), 295-303.
2. Kacica, M., Dennison, B., Aubrey, R., Kus, C., & White, J. (2013). Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy guideline summary. New York state department of health.
3. American College of Gynecologists. Task force on hypertension in pregnancy. (2013). Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 22(5):1122‐1131.
4. National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health. (2010). Hypertension in pregnancy. The management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. London, UK: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).
5. World Health Organization. (2011). WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
6. Latha P, Ganesan S. Evaluation of serum uric acid and lipid profile in gestational hypertension. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2013;4:496‐502.
7. Payne, B. A., Hutcheon, J. A., Ansermino, J. M., Hall, D. R., Bhutta, Z. A., Bhutta, S. Z., ... & miniPIERS Study Working Group. (2014). A risk prediction model for the assessment and triage of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low-resourced settings: the miniPIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) multi-country prospective cohort study. PLoS medicine, 11(1), e1001589.
8. Grimes SB, Wild R. (2018). Effect of pregnancy on lipid metabolism and lipoprotein levels. Endotext [Internet].
9. Ducluzeau, P. H., Cousin, P., Malvoisin, E., Bornet, H., Vidal, H., Laville, M., & Pugeat, M. (2003). Glucose-to-insulin ratio rather than sex hormone-binding globulin and adiponectin levels is the best predictor of insulin resistance in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(8), 3626-3631.
10. Golbahar, J., Al-Ayadhi, M., Das, N. M., & Gumaa, K. (2012). Sensitive and specific markers for insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and inappropriate gonadotrophin secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study from Bahrain. International Journal of Women's Health, 201-206.
11. AL-Maini, E. H., Alsammariae, A. Y., & Semeet, A. I. (2015). Evaluation of lipid profile and lipid peroxidase level in pregnant women with pregnancy induce hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia in their third trimester of pregnancy versus normotensive pregnant women in the same trimester. Mustansiriya Medical Journal, 14(1), 40.
12. Herrera, E. (2002). Lipid metabolism in pregnancy and its consequences in the fetus and newborn. Endocrine, 19, 43-55.
13. Brown, M. S., & Goldstein, J. L. (2008). Selective versus total insulin resistance: a pathogenic paradox. Cell metabolism, 7(2), 95-96.
14. Alvarez, J. J., Montelongo, A., Iglesias, A., Lasuncion, M. A., & Herrera, E. (1996). Longitudinal study on lipoprotein profile, high density lipoprotein subclass, and postheparin lipases during gestation in women. Journal of lipid research, 37(2), 299-308.
15. Applebaum, D. M., Goldberg, A. P., Pykälistö, O. J., Brunzell, J. D., & Hazzard, W. R. (1977). Effect of estrogen on post-heparin lipolytic activity. Selective decline in hepatic triglyceride lipase. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 59(4), 601-608.
16. Muslih, R., Al-Nimer, O., & Al-Zamely, M. (2002). The level of Malondialdehyde after activation with H2O2 and CuSO4) and inhibited by Desferoxamine and Molsidomine in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infection. J. chem, 5, 148.
17. Allan, C., & Dawson, J. G. (1979). Enzymatic assay of total cholesterol involving chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis-a comparison of methods. Clin. Chem, 25(6), 976-984.
18. N. W. Tietz, C. A. Burtis,E. R. Ashwood, W. B.Saunder. (1999). Text Book of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd Ed.
19. Lopes-Virella, M. F., Stone, P., Ellis, S., & Colwell, J. A. (1977). Cholesterol determination in high-density lipoproteins separated by three different methods. Clinical chemistry, 23(5), 882-884.
20. W. T. Friedwald, R. I. Levy,D.S. (1972) FredricksonClin Chem. 18 499
21. Shennan A. (2018) Pre-eclampsia and non proteinuric pregnancy-induced hyper-tension. In Luesley MD, Baker NP, Cardozo L, et al (eds): Obstetrics and Gynaecology an evidence-based text for MRCOG. 4th ed. Arnold (publishers) Ltd. 184-191 .
22. Bouet PE, Gillard P, Descamps P, Sentilhes L. (2014) Management of pre- eclampsia. Rev Prat.64(1145–1149):1151-1142.
23. Farzadnia, M., Ayatollahi, H., Hasan-Zade, M., & Rahimi, H. R. (2013). A comparative study of serum level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 16(5), 689.
24. Paradisi, G., Ianniello, F., Tomei, C., Bracaglia, M., Carducci, B., Gualano, M. R., ... & Caruso, A. (2010). Longitudinal changes of adiponectin, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes. Gynecological Endocrinology, 26(7), 539-545.
25. Wild, R., Weedin, E. A., & Wilson, D. (2015). Dyslipidemia in pregnancy. Cardiology clinics, 33(2), 209-215.
26. Thathagari, V., & Veerendra, K. C. (2018). Evaluation of serum lipids in preeclampsia: a comparative study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 7(4), 1372-1376.
27. Gohil, J. T., Patel, P. K., & Gupta, P. (2011). Estimation of lipid profile in subjects of preeclampsia. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 61, 399-403.
28. Mummadi, M. K., & Bairoju, N. K. (2019). A study of serum lipid profile in normal pregnancy and pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders: a case-control study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8(5), 2072.
29. Aziz, R., & Mahboob, T. (2007). Pre-eclampsia and lipid profile. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 23(5), 751.
30. Punthumapol, C., & Kittichotpanich, B. (2008). Comparative study of serum lipid concentrations in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai, 91(7), 957-61.
31. Islam, N. A. F., Chowdhury, M. A. R., Kibria, G. M., & Akhter, S. (2010). Study of serum lipid profile in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Faridpur Medical College Journal, 5(2), 56-59.
32. Latha, P., Ganesan, S. (2013). Evaluation of serum uric acid and lipid profile in gestational hypertension. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 4:496‐502.
33. Rizal, S., Joshi, B. R., Dhakal, A., & Sagtani, R. A. (2019). Association of serum uric acid and serum lipid profile in pre-eclampsia-A hospital based case-control study. Birat Journal of Health Sciences, 4(3), 831-834.
34. Singh DU. (2013). Serum lipid profile in early pregnancy as a predictor of preeclampsia. Int J Med Res Rev.1(2):56‐62.
35. Jairam, V., Uchida, K., & Narayanaswami, V. (2012). Pathophysiology of lipoprotein oxidation. Lipoproteins: role in health and diseases, 383.
36. Harvey RA, Ferrier DR.( 2011). Globular Proteins. Biochemistry. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, a Walters Kluwer business Co. 33‐34.
37. Rathore, V., Priyadarshini, T. D., & Rathore, M. S. (2016). A cross sectional study to assess serum lipid profile among pregnant women suffering with pregnancy induced hypertension. Sch. J. App. Med. Sci, 4(6D), 2095-2101.
38. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. (2018). Introduction to lipids and lipoproteins. Endotext [Internet]. MDText. Com, Inc.
39. Lingappa, V. R. (2000). Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract. In Pathophysiology of disease. An introduction to clinical medicine (McPhee, S. J., Lingappa, V. R., Ganong, W. F., and Lange, J. D. Eds., 3rd ed.), pp. 529-555. New York, McGraw-Hill Press
40. Zhou, J. F., Chen, P., Zhou, Y. H., Zhang, L., & Chen, H. H. (2003). 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse may cause oxidative stress and potential free radical damage. Free Radical Research, 37(5), 491-497.
41. Zhou, J. F., Cai, D., & Tong, G. Z. (2003). Oxidative stress and potential free radical damage associated with photocopying. A role for ozone?. Free radical research, 37(2), 137-143.
42. Zhou, J. F., Yan, X. F., Guo, F. Z., Sun, N. Y., Qian, Z. J., & Ding, D. Y. (2000). Effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on plasma constituents and enzyme activities related to oxidative stress. Biomedical and environmental sciences: BES, 13(1), 44-55.
43. Zhou, J. F., Zhou, W., Zhang, S. M., Luo, Y. E., & Chen, H. H. (2004). Oxidative stress and free radical damage in patients with acute dipterex poisoning. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES., 17(2), 223-233.
44. Harrison-Bernard, L. M., Schulman, I. H., & Raij, L. (2003). Postovariectomy hypertension is linked to increased renal AT1 receptor and salt sensitivity. Hypertension, 42(6), 1157-1163.
45. Davis, J. R., Giardina, J. B., Green, G. M., Alexander, B. T., Granger, J. P., & Khalil, R. A. (2002). Reduced endothelial NO-cGMP vascular relaxation pathway during TNF-α-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 282(2), R390-R399.
46. Giardina, J. B., Green, G. M., Cockrell, K. L., Granger, J. P., & Khalil, R. A. (2002). TNF-α enhances contraction and inhibits endothelial NO-cGMP relaxation in systemic vessels of pregnant rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 283(1), R130-R143.
47. Murphy, J. G., Fleming, J. B., Cockrell, K. L., Granger, J. P., & Khalil, R. A. (2001). [Ca2+] i signaling in renal arterial smooth muscle cells of pregnant rat is enhanced during inhibition of NOS. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 280(1), R87-R99.
48. Alexander, B. T., Kassab, S. E., Miller, M. T., Abram, S. R., Reckelhoff, J. F., Bennett, W. A., & Granger, J. P. (2001). Reduced uterine perfusion pressure during pregnancy in the rat is associated with increases in arterial pressure and changes in renal nitric oxide. Hypertension, 37(4), 1191-1195.
49. Chen, H. H., & Zhou, J. F. (2001). Low cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes and high lipoperoxides in erythrocytes are the potential risk factors for cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in human. Biomedical and environmental sciences: BES, 14(3), 189-198.
50. Zhou, J. F., Wang, J. Y., Luo, Y. E., & Chen, H. H. (2003). Influence of hypertension, lipometabolism disorders, obesity and other lifestyles on spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences: BES, 16(3), 295-303.
Published
2023-09-26
How to Cite
Hussein, R. A. (2023). Evaluation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Lipid Profile in Iraqi Pregnancy Women with Hypertension in Thi-Qar Governorate. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(5), 255-264. Retrieved from https://www.cajmns.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJMNS/article/view/1813
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